A20B-2900-0310

A20B-2900-0310

對變量泵（開環(huán)或閉環(huán)）液壓系統(tǒng)而言，它有以下必要特性： 一   液壓系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成必要特性：A  節(jié)能；B 壓力、流量比例控制；C  動作高響應(yīng)。二   液壓泵必要特性：A  容積調(diào)速（流量可變）；B 高機(jī)械效率；C  壓力控制狀態(tài)和流量控制狀態(tài)能順暢地切換。 同樣，對于伺服油泵液壓系統(tǒng)而言，它也應(yīng)該有它的必要特性。我們可以先對伺服電機(jī)的工作原理做一番了解，這有助于我們導(dǎo)出伺服油泵液壓系統(tǒng)的必要特性。

交流伺服電機(jī)通常都是單相異步電機(jī)，有鼠籠形轉(zhuǎn)子和杯形轉(zhuǎn)子兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式。與普通電機(jī)一樣，交流伺服電機(jī)也由定子和轉(zhuǎn)子構(gòu)成。定子上有兩個繞組，即勵磁繞組和控制繞組，兩個繞組在空間相差 90 °電角度。籠型轉(zhuǎn)子交流伺服電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)子和普通三相籠式電機(jī)相同。在這里我們以杯形轉(zhuǎn)子交流伺服電機(jī)為例，

杯形轉(zhuǎn)子交流伺服電機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)如圖由外定子，杯形轉(zhuǎn)子和內(nèi)定子脈沖計數(shù)裝置四部分組成。轉(zhuǎn)子由非磁性導(dǎo)電材料（如銅）制成，內(nèi)定子僅作磁路用。這類交流伺服電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動慣量很小。交流伺服電機(jī)的工作原理和單相感應(yīng)電動機(jī)無本質(zhì)上的區(qū)別。但是，交流伺服電機(jī)具備一重要特性：可控性。即無控制信號時，它不應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)動，特別是當(dāng)它已在轉(zhuǎn)動時，如果控制信號消失，它應(yīng)能立即停止轉(zhuǎn)動。在控制繞組加控制電壓（ U 2 ）的情況下，勵磁繞組和電容串聯(lián)，產(chǎn)生兩相旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場，適當(dāng)選擇電容的大小，可使通入兩個繞組的電流相位差接近 90 ，因此便產(chǎn)生旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場，這個旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場可以看成是由兩個圓形旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場合成起來的。這兩個圓形旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場幅值不等，但以相同的速度，向相反的方向旋轉(zhuǎn)。它們切割轉(zhuǎn)子繞組感應(yīng)的電勢和電流以及產(chǎn)生的電磁力矩也方向相反、大小不等（正轉(zhuǎn)者大，反轉(zhuǎn)者小）合成力矩不為零，所以伺服電機(jī)就朝著正轉(zhuǎn)磁場的方向轉(zhuǎn)動起來，隨著信號（ U 2 ）的增強(qiáng)，磁場接近圓形，此時正轉(zhuǎn)磁場及其力矩增大，反轉(zhuǎn)磁場及其力矩減小，合成力矩變大，如負(fù)載力矩不變，轉(zhuǎn)子的速度就增加。如果改變 U 2 的相位，即移相 180 o （極性改變），旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場的轉(zhuǎn)向相反，因而產(chǎn)生的合成力矩方向也相反，伺服電機(jī)將反轉(zhuǎn)。若控制信號消失，只有勵磁繞組通入電流（ I 1 ），伺服電機(jī)產(chǎn)生的磁場將是脈動磁場，脈動磁場分成的正反向旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)距 T 、 T    的合成轉(zhuǎn)矩  T 的方向與旋轉(zhuǎn)方向相反，所以電機(jī)在控制繞組電壓為零時，能立即停止，體現(xiàn)了控制信號的作用

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